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  The Relationship Between Depression, Agoraphobia, and Panic Disorder
 

Distribution of Affected Subjects Across Mutually Exclusive Diagnostic Categories
   N       %  
Depression only 281 68%
Agoraphobia only 62 15%
Panic Disorder only 10 2%
Depression and Agoraphobia only 26 6%
Depression and Panic Disorder only 21 5%
Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder only 0 0%
Depression, Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder 16 4%
Total 416 100%


  The comorbidity of disorders and chronology of first symptoms of depression, agoraphobia and panic disorder were investigated in this study. A particular issue is that panic has been viewed as an integral part of agoraphobia (those who fear uncontrollable panic symptoms would be reluctant to go out). To examine these matters (and others), the responses of 3258 individuals to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule were subjected to a detailed analysis.

Strong associations were shown among all three disorders. However, the comorbidity of agoraphobia and panic disorder, seemed to be accounted for by the relationship between both disorders and depression. That is, the accompanying Table indicates there are no cases where panic disorder appears with agoraphobia only - they are only found together in the presence of depression.This does not support the view that panic is integral to agoraphobia.

A further finding was that symptoms of agoraphobia appear several years earlier in life than depression. This casts doubt on the theory that depression is primary to anxiety disorders.
  Source: Thompson AH, Bland RC, Orn HT (1989). Relationship and chronology of depression, agoraphobia, and panic disorder in the general population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 177(3), 456-463. Click here for a copy.
     
 
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